
CK slide.
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Whether a breast cancer is invasive or non-invasive will determine the treatment choices and how a patient might respond to the treatment he or she receives. Most breast cancers are invasive, but in some cases both invasive and non-invasive cancer can be seen in the same specimen, see [1]. In these cases, it is necessary to exclude non-invasive tumor components, such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), so that the biomarker expression can be accurately assessed within the invasive cancer.
The “Invasive Tumor Detection (VDS)” APP provide means for distinguishing between invasive tumor and non-invasive tumor based on two serial single stained slides with the myoepithelial cell nuclear marker p63 in one slide and a cytokeratin (CK) tumor marker, e.g. PCK, in another slide. With VirtualDoubleStaining™ the two slides are combined to include invasive tumor structures and exclude non-invasive tumor structures.
The “Invasive Tumor Detection (VDS)” APP can be combined with any biomarker APP using VirtualTripleStaining (VTS). With this approach biomarker analysis can be restricted to invasive tumor components.